In July 2026 I gave a talk at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum on two rival ways of being Catholic and American in the twentieth century, and this collection follows that argument through the documents. One way was defensive. Associated most visibly with Father Charles Coughlin, it treated Catholic survival as vigilance against communism, and at its extremes it wove antisemitism into that struggle. The other, represented by Father John A. Ryan and Father George Higgins, looked for common ground with other faiths, Judaism chief among them, and tied Catholic identity to democratic participation and social justice. The trail runs from the Catholic response to Kristallnacht in 1938: two radio broadcasts four days apart that November, a cartoon that turned antisemitism into somebody else's inheritance, a Christian Front that went underground rather than disappeared, and the institutional path that carried the church, by 1965, to its different answer in Nostra Aetate. Most of the documents come from the Catholic University of America Archives.